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Leading inter- and transdisciplinary research: Lessons from applying theories of change to a strategic research program

This article reports challenges and lessons learned to develop and use ToCs in inter- and transdisciplinary research programs. It builds on the experience of the Wings research program (Water and sanitation innovations for non-grid solutions).

by Lisa Deutsch et al. in Environmental Science and Policy
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Developing and testing a theory of change for Boy Scouts of America

This presents the development of a ToC for youth development and adult volunteer leader development by the Boy Scouts of America. The research used expert input, visualization, focus groups, practice mapping, literature review, and evidence mapping.

by Jennifer Brown Urban et al.
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Combining the theory of change and realist evaluation approaches to elicit an initial program theory of the MomConnect program in South Africa

In South Africa 2014, the MomConnect program was launched to strengthen the quality of maternal and child health services. This study aimed to unearth the underlying ToC and combined this with realist evaluation to unearth the underlying mechanisms.

by Eveline M Kabongo et al.

Developing a Theory of Change model of service user and caregiver involvement in mental health system strengthening in primary health care in rural Ethiopia

This paper describes the development of a ToC model for service user and caregiver involvement in a primary mental health care in rural Ethiopia.

by Sisay Abayneh et al. in International Journal of Mental Health Systems

The culture of continuous learning project: Theory of Change

Explaining the ToC of the "Culture of Continuous Learning Project", which focuses on quality improvements in early care and education programs in the US.

by Anne Douglass, Tamara Halle & Kathryn Tout

Gendered voices for climate action, a theory of change for the meaningful inclusion of local experiences in decision-making

The authors develop a ToC for how the systematic inclusion of women and men with lived experiences of climate change could strengthen climate action.

by Susannah Fisher, Clare Shakya

A theory of change for community interventions to prevent domestic violence against women and girls in Mumbai, India

The article presents a detailed description how a ToC was developed for community mobilisation activities to prevent violence against women and girls.

by Nayreen Daruwalla, Surinder Jaswal, Prakash Fernandes, Preethi Pinto, Ketaki Hate, Gauri Ambavkar, Bhaskar Kakad, Lu Gram, David Osrin

Food for Life Vrindavan (FFLV) Theory of Change

A case study detailing the Theory of Change of Food for Life Vrindavan (FFLV) in India. FFLV runs three schools providing free education, meals, skill training and medical help to over 1400 underprivileged girls in Vrindavan, India.

by FFLV

Ending AIDS among people who use drugs: Our theory of change

A report on the Theory of Change of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance.

by Susie McLean

Wegen naar werk voor statushouders: Onderzoeksaanpak naar wat werkt en waarom op basis van Theory of Change

A report in Dutch in which Theory of Change is used to evaluate two programs on work placement of status holders (refugees, immigrants).

by Kirsten Tinnemans & Monique Stavenuiter (Kennisplatform Integratie & Samenleving)

Theories of Change for promoting empowerment and accountability in fragile and conflict-affected settings

Most literature on “empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings” has been on Theory of Action. These are often confusingly termed ‘theories of change’. A clear distinction and more attention for ToCs are needed.

by Duncan Green
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Using a theory driven approach to develop and evaluate a complex mental health intervention: The friendship bench project in Zimbabwe

This article describes the use of a Theory of Change (ToC) model to develop a brief psychological intervention for common mental disorders and its’ evaluation through a cluster randomized controlled trial in Zimbabwe.

by Dixon Chibanda et al.

LIFT: Using client feedback to test Theory of Change

A case study of a US nonprofit organisation that used client feedback to test its Theory of Change.

by Keystone Accountability

Review of the Theory of Change of the Rural Access Programme

The purpose of the review of the Rural Access Programme 3 (RAP-3) Theory of Change was to provide an opportunity for stakeholders to reflect and critically review the programme from a holistic perspective.

by Rural Access Programme (RAP-3)
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Using Theory of Change for monitoring, learning and evaluation

This presentation highlights GRM's experiences using Theories of Change in its analytic framework for evaluation.

by Andrew Koleros, GRM International
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Why Theories of Change matter

In this paper, the authors review Theories of Change used in efforts to improve quality and access in STEM education.

by Mark Connolly & Elaine Seymour

A Theory of Change on Child Marriage

Girls Not Brides has developed a ‘Theory of Change on Child Marriage’, a visual diagram that demonstrates the range of approaches needed to address child marriage and how they intersect.

by Girls Not Brides

Example Logic Models and Theories of Change for Youth Mentoring Programs

A collection of examples of logic models and ToCs for several types of youth mentoring programs. The examples in this typology, while not completely comprehensive, encompass the vast majority of program types operating in the youth mentoring field.

by National Mentoring Resource Center

RSPO’s Roadmap Towards Sustainable Palm Oil

The key strategies and activities RSPO will implement, together with the support of stakeholders to transform the palm oil sector.

by Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil

Making markets work for the poor: How the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation uses program related investments

This report looks at program-related investments at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. It mentions the role ToCs play in this process.

by Paul Brest, David Bank and Dennis Price
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Evidence to support Theories of Change for GROWs business plan

This report explains the logic that underpins the Theory of Change for GROW and then presents an evidence review relevant to the assumptions embedded within it. GROW is an Australian organisation addressing disadvantage through employment.

by Jo Barraket, Andrew Joyce & Emily Foenander
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Dorcas its Theory of Change

An animation video by Dorcas International of its Theory of Change. Dorcas is an organisation that is aimed at creating sustainable change by addressing poverty at three different levels - individual, community and governmental levels.

by Dorcas International

Theories of Change in international development: Communication, learning or accountability?

A research paper that discusses how The Asia Foundation uses ToC in its organisation. In a blog post the author summarizes the 6 key findings of his research and paper.

by Craig Valters
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Theory of Change: A theory-driven approach to enhance the medical research council’s framework for complex intervention

The article proposes a theory-driven approach to the design and evaluation of complex interventions by adapting and integrating a programmatic design and evaluation tool, Theory of Change (ToC), into the medical framework for complex interventions.

by De Silva et al. in Trials
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Citizen Agency in East Africa Twaweza

A case study of Twaweza, which seeks to enable people in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda to improve their quality of life through a citizen-centred approach to development and public accountability.

by Twaweza

Building adult capabilities to improve child outcomes: A Theory of Change

This 5-minute video from the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families.

by Jane Ellen Stevens, Harvard University Centre on the Developing Child
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Hivos Green Entrepreneurship 2013

A case study of the Hivos Green Entrepreneurship Programme.

by Hivos
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A Theory of Change for tackling violence against women and girls

This reports presents a Theory of Change to end gender-based violence against women and girls. It outlines seven principles underlying the ToC diagram. It details evidence and provides example indicators.

by Kate Bishop & Kathryn Lockett (CHASE)

Hivos and Theory of Change: Experiences and lessons of the first phase 2007-2010

This short case explain the process Hivos went through as it moved from the 'standard' planning and reporting frameworks to ToC thinking. Available in English and Spanish.

by Marjan van Es (Hivos)
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Decent work for women Women@Work

A visualisation of Women@Work its ToC.

by Hivos
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Creating Change in Agricultural Networks – AgriProFocus

A visualisation of AgriProFocus its ToC.

by AgriProFocus

Causal analysis with working children, the CLARISSA experience

This case study tackles child labor has affected children actively participating in ToC development processes. The ToC processes effectively become part of the intervention.

by Clarissa