The term “Theory of Change” (ToC) is understood and practiced in different ways: from a more structured and semi-linear planning tool used in the context of a development project to a more flexible and emergent process thinking logic applied to social change processes. This means that the application of ToC goes from an instrumental use on one end of the scale to a transformational practice on the other end. In practice, it will often be a mix within this range, with different and adapted purposes for each application. Before engaging with a ToC process, being clear about purpose is crucial. From the group’s collective experience with Theory of Change in different contexts, three generic, complementary purposes have emerged.

Before engaging with a ToC process, being clear about purpose is crucial. From the group’s collective experience with Theory of Change in different contexts, three generic, complementary purposes have emerged. The prominence of these purposes in a particular ToC process will strongly shape the topics, sessions, facilitation and effects.